Structure1 Introduction2 Objectives3 Audio-Visual Aids : Meaning and Types4 Need for Audio-Visual Aids4.1 Audio-Visual Aids as a Means of Communication4.2 Audio-Visual Aids as a Means for Retention4.3 Audio-Visual Aids as a Means to Save Time5 Audio Aids : Importance and Types5.1 Record Player5.2 Radio Programmes6 Visual Aids : Importance and Types6.1 Category 1: Non-electronic Equipment6.2 … Read more
Structure 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Cognitive Theory of Piaget 3.1 A Few Basics of Piaget’s Theory 3.2 The Cognitive Stages 4 Language and Development 4.1 The Early Stages 4.2 The Later Stages 5 Cognitive and Language Development 6 Multilingualism 7 Factors Affecting Language Development 1 INTRODUCTIONAs you know, in this block our attempt is … Read more
Structure1 Introduction2 Objectives3 Meaning of Childhood and Development 3.1 Concept of Development 3.2 Development and Change 3.3 Child Development is an Individual Process4 Principles of Child Development 4.1 Growth Process5 Stages of Child Development 5.1 Prenatal Period 5.2 Neonatal Period 5.3 The Infancy Period 5.4 Early Childhood (The Preschool Years) 5.5 Middle Childhood (The School … Read more
INTRODUCTIONYou might have experienced in your day to day teaching that even when you have plannedyour lesson very well, some students do not respond to what you teach and do not activityinvolve in the teaching-learning process. You might have also experienced that studentslearn better when they are actively involved in the learning process rather than … Read more
Peer Tutoring1 Selection of Peers2 Process of Peer Tutoring3 Advantages of Peer Tutoring4 Limitations of Peer Tutoring5 Classroom Management Guidelines for Peer Tutoring6 Evaluation of Peer Performance An effective teacher uses all available resources including the children themselves in peertutoring. This practice you yourself might have adopted in situations when some day oneof your colleagues … Read more
Structure 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Why Do We Evaluate? 4 What to Evaluate? 5 When to Evaluate and the Types of Evaluation 6 How to Evaluate: Tools and Techniques of Evaluation 7 Some Sample Evaluation Tools 1 INTRODUCTIONIn different methods and strategies for transacting Environmental Studies Curriculumhave been discussed. How would you know that … Read more
As a practising teacher you might have taught a class or classes having a largenumber of pupils. The situation where the large number of pupils of the same gradesit together in one classroom and are taught by a single teacher is called a large-sizedclass. Hence, “Large Sized Class of the Primary level is a monograde … Read more
For your convenience some of the instructional strategies have been explained in thisunit so that you can use them effectively, efficiently, appropriately and successfullyand utilize them in multigrade situations. Following are some of the instructionalstrategies that you can adopt in multigrade situations. 1 Direct TeachingIn a multi-grade teaching situation, time for direct teaching is of … Read more
A glance at the primary schools in our country reveals large variation in the schooland class-size index. Some primary schools are large-sized, while some of them aremedium-sized and others are very small-sized. In the large and medium sized schools,the teacher-pupil ratio is 1:40 or more and teachers teach grade-wise or even sectionwise. In sparsely populated … Read more
Structure1 Introduction2 Objectives3 Curriculum Organization4 Curriculum Transaction Strategies4.1 Discovery / Approach4.2 Enquiry Learning4.3 Integrated Approach4.4 Infusion Model4.5 Multi-disciplinary Model5 Planning and Organizing Classroom Activities5.1 Group Activities5.2 Outdoor Activities6 Teaching-Learning Strategies 1 INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, it has been increasingly felt that environmental study be made an integralcomponent of the Primary School Curriculum. Such a curriculum should … Read more
Structure 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Need for Education 4 Education Scenario at Primary Level 5 Teaching : Functions and Objectives 6 Child Development 1 INTRODUCTIONOne of the major challenges which visionaries in India faced after Independence wasthe overwhelming task of educating its population to be gainfully productive andresponsible citizens of the country. Educational concerns … Read more
Structure1 Introduction2. Objectives3 Formulation of Instructional Objectives3.1 Cognitive Domain Objectives3.2 Psychomotor Domain Objectives3.3 Affective Domain Objectives4. Terminal Objectives of Primary Education in EVS5 National Policy on Education (1986) and Minimum Levels of Learning (MLL)5.1 Basic Features of MLL5.2 A Word of Caution 1 INTRODUCTIONIn the previous unit you have studied about the concept and need … Read more
Structure 1 Introduction2 Objectives3 Concept of Learning4 Concept of Teaching 5.1 Behaviourist Views5.2 Skinner’s Theory of Operant Conditioning5.3 Cognitive Approach5.4 Synthesis of Behaviourism and Cognitive Approach6 Relationship of Teaching and Learning7 Activities that Facilitate Learning 1 INTRODUCTIONCurriculum framework and its transaction through the use of text books and variousteaching and evaluation strategies facilitate teaching-learning process. … Read more
Structure 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Types of Classroom Questions 4 Framing Classroom Questions 5 Asking Questions in the Classroom 5.1 Delivery Component 5.2 Distributing Questions in the Classroom 1 INTRODUCTIONQuestions are an aid in the learning process and hence questioning skill is one of theimportant teaching skills required to be developed to conduct a … Read more
Structure1 Introduction2 Objectives3 Communication: The Concept3.1 Elements of Communication3.2 Process of Communication3.3 Functions of Communication3.4 Barriers to Communication4 Types of Communication5 Educational Communication5.1 Characteristics of Effective Teaching Strategy5.2 Communication for Enhancing Children’s Competencies5.3 Teacher-Pupils’ Communication INTRODUCTIONCommunication verbal as well as non-verbal plays a vital role in the life of a humanbeing. This has even greater … Read more
Structure2.1 Introduction2.2 Objectives2.3 Learner-centered Approach2.4 Practising Learner-centered Approach in Actual Classroom Situations2.4.1 Your Role as a Teacher2.4.2 Know Your Child2.4.3 How do Children Learn?2.4.4 Helping Each Child to Participate2.4.5 Learning Through a Variety of Materials2.4.6 Learning at One’s Own Pace2.4.7 Monitoring2.4.8 Evaluation2.4.9 Self-evaluation INTRODUCTIONIf we want all children to learn and develop to their full … Read more
Q1. झारखंड में बहावी आंदोलन का प्रसार किसने किया ? (A) शाह मो. हुसैन (B) नासिर खान (C) मुबारक हुसैन (D) स्माइल ओलिया Read Also : झारखंड की जनजाति | jharkhand ki janjati | jharkhand tribe Q2. झारखंड के निम्न में से किस स्थान पर वहाबी आंदोलन की शाखा खोली गई थी? (A) रांची (B) … Read more
प्रश्न 1. बेतला राष्ट्रीय उद्यान की स्थापना किस वर्ष की गई ? (A) 1932 में (B) 1974 में (C) 1986 में (D) 1992 मे प्रश्न 2 . झारखंड के न्यूज़ जैविक उद्यान में कौन सही सुमेलित नहीं है ? (A) बिरसा जैविक उद्यान —— ओरमांझी (B) नेहरू जैविक उद्यान —— बोकारो (C) बिरसा मृग विहार … Read more
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on October 2, 1904 at Mughalsarai, a small railway town seven miles from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. His father was a school teacher who died when Lal Bahadur Shastri was only a year and half old. His mother, still in her twenties, took her three children to her father’s … Read more
Profile of the President Smt. Droupadi Murmu was sworn in as the 15th President of India on 25 July, 2022. Previously, she was the Governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021. She has devoted her life to empowering the downtrodden and the marginalised sections and deepening the democratic values. Early Life and Education Born in … Read more